Assignment of the New Type of Ecological Services for Providing Human Safety Under Conditions of Urban Environment

The main aim of the study is to separate a new category of ecological services for providing human and environmental safety under conditions of accelerated urbanization in the system of eco-services.Urbanization decreased the potential of ecological services and the set of provided functions at the expanse of absorbing essential territories of natural ecosystems and disturbing the ecological balance of the environment. The urbogenic environment that men made and natural dangerous phenomena intensify synergetically in models the new level of threats for both a human and all biotic and abiotic components. There was offered to separate an integral safety service as a new type of eco-services, based on the principle of providing human safety through environmental one. It was demonstrated, that safety services will improve other categories of ecological services, widen the assortment, diversity and mutual dependence of functions. There was presented the succession of steps for identifying and assessing safety services. Indicators and possible types of giving safe and high-quality drinking water to the population were given.The demand for safety services will grow with the development of urbanization processes. Separation and provision of services by functions of the human protection against natural and men made threats increases the total potential of eco-services

Development of the Method for Assessing the Action Zones of Hazards in an Emergency at a City Filling Station Using Geoinformation Technology

The object of research is a specific filling station (gas station), which is located in the Odessa (Ukraine) on the Gastello street. Filling station recepts and stores petroleum products (gasoline A-80, A-93, diesel fuel, engine oil) and refueling vehicles. The facility includes a tank of 40 m3 of tank fuel and 1 tank of 15 m3 tanks. The area of influence includes a motorway, a garage cooperative, a cafe-bar, a multi-storey house, a gas distribution station. One of the most problematic places of operation of the filling station is emergency risk – fire and explosion, as a result of leakage and the accumulation of fumes of oil products. Therefore, local destruction of the reservoir is considered with subsequent ignition of the leak, which led to the appearance of a shock wave.In the course of the research, a method for assessing the zones of action of damaging factors is developed, in which geographical information technologies are used. The method includes the steps of selecting an emergency scenario, processing the primary data, calculating the values and radii of the zones of the component parameters of the emergency situation. Visualization of the destruction zones in Quantum GIS version 2.18.2, with an open information code, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License is also included.Based on calculations of the size of hazardous areas in which full, medium, weak destruction of buildings and related injuries in humans are possible, the results of their visualization based on the architecture of an integrated geographic information system (GIS) are possible. The proposed method has a number of features, in particular, it allows to identify a specific city territory, which is covered by negative factors of accident consequences, in on-line mode. Due to this, certain «care» objects that have fallen into the corresponding risk zones, among which are 2 multi-storey houses, a gas distribution station, a cafe-bar, a garage cooperative, a significant part of the motorway.In comparison with similar known examples of risk analysis, the method allows to classify the «care» objects by the levels of damage, and organize appropriate measures to minimize risks in the environmental management system of the city. The method provides such advantages as systemic representation of potentially dangerous objects and subjects of their influence, the integration of branched development scenarios, visibility, cross-platform and openness of information data. Using the method of modeling the development of an emergency at filling stations within the city of a million people improves the efficiency of the information presentation, allows to adequately predict the development of the environmental situation in the risk management system. And also positively affects the work of the SES bodies in ensuring the technogenic security of the city

Visualization of the Pool Fire Action Zones with Using MapInfo GIS for the Number of Filling Stations of the Odessa (Ukraine) Residential District

The object of research is a system of filling stations (traditional filling stations) of the traditional type within the Malinovsky district of Odessa (Ukraine). One of the most problematic places of functioning of filling stations, as potentially dangerous objects, is their location within residential areas, on motorways with high traffic intensity, close to other infrastructure facilities. A significant danger is the location of several filling stations in a limited area, in close proximity to each other.The radii of the action zones of thermal radiation from a pool fire at various intensities for 4 types of fuel (gasoline A-80, A-95, A-95, diesel fuel) are calculated. It is shown that dangerous for a person distances from filling stations are reached at 650 m. The safest of all fuels is diesel fuel, and the safety of gasoline rises with the growth of the octane number.In the course of the study, a method for visualizing the action zones of the pool fire factor is developed using MapInfo GIS. The proposed method makes it possible to visualize the calculated radii of damage by thermal radiation on the map of the Malinovskiy district based on the geology of each filling station. It is clearly shown that the filling stations cover the territory of the district with a dense network and create the risks of damaging the consequences of an emergency fire of its most part.Due to this, the possibilities of visualizing not only the mutual location of the filling stations as sources of negative impacts and potential accidents, but also of the respective recipients under specific urban conditionsIn comparison with similar examples of assessments of the consequences of accidents at filling stations, the geo-information system makes it possible to identify the groups of filling stations for which the development of an emergency situation is possible by the mechanism of «dominoes». In the presence of an external ignition source, an escalation of the accident may develop, which in turn can initiate dangerous events at the next filling station